SPECIAL STRUCTURES Γ' ΠΡΟΧΩΡΗΜΕΝΟΙ

SPECIAL STRUCTURES

WOULD RATHER

1. WOULD RATHER + BARE INFINITIVE à preference about the present/future (ΤΑΥΤΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΑ)

 I’d rather stay at home tonight.

 Dave would rather not work at the weekends.

2. WOULD RATHER +BARE INFINITIVE +THAN + BARE INFINITIVE

à preference about the present/future  between two alternatives (ΤΑΥΤΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΑ)

She would rather see a film than go to the opera on Saturday night.

3. WOULD RATHER + HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE  à regret /preference about sth in the past

Tina would rather have travelled by plane (but she didn’t)

4. WOULD RATHER + PAST SIMPLE à preference about present / future with different subjects (ΕΤΕΡΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΑ ΣΤΟ ΠΑΡΟΝ/ΜΕΛΛΟΝ)

Κim would rather Henry didn’t watch the football match at  the weekend.

I’d rather you cooperated with us in their case.

5. WOULD RATHER + PAST PERFECT àpreference in the past with different subjects (ΕΤΕΡΟΠΡΟΣΩΠΙΑ ΣΤΟ ΠΑΡΕΛΘΟΝ)

Lucy would rather Tom hadn’t confessed to the crime (but he did)

I’d rather you hadn’t lied to me. Now our relationship can never be the same again.

 PREFER

1.                  + FULL INFINITIVE/GERUND / NOUN -->GENERAL  PREFERENCE

We prefer to eat out on Sundays.

Sam prefers cooking on the barbeque

I prefer Chinese food.

2.                  PREFER + GERUND +TO + GERUND/NOUNàgeneral preference between two alternatives.

We prefer walking to school to taking the bus.

3.                  WOULD PREFER + FULL INFINITIVE à SPECIFIC PREFERENCE

I’d prefer to buy the yellow sweater.

4.                  WOULD PREFER +FULL INFINITIVE + RATHER THAN +BARE INFINITIVE àspecific preference between two alternatives.

Mat would prefer to give you a key rather than leave the garage door open.

HAD BETTER

 HAD BETTER + BARE INFINITIVE à  to give advice about specific situations (There is a suggestion that if the advice is not followed,  something bad will happen)

You'd better tell her everything.

I'd better get back to work.

We'd better not miss the start of his presentation

You'd better do what I say or else you will get into trouble

INFINITIVES-GERUNDS Γ' ΠΡΟΧΩΡΗΜΕΝΟΙ

GERUNDS and INFINITIVES                                        

NAME………………………………………….CLASS………………………DATE………………..

I’m taking this course	a. taking the train as the traffic was terrible.
Smoking	b. to see a dentist.
I find it difficult	C .fresh fruit and vegetables regularly will help you to stay healthy.
She was worried about	d. taking a course in Japanese next year.
I am thinking of	e. to improve my English.
I can't	f. is outlawed in restaurants in many countries nowadays
It’s expensive	g. do four hours homework every night.
She suggested	h. to stay in five-star hotels.
I went to the supermarket	i. understand why some people find grammar so difficult.
Eating	j. to buy some bread.
I’ve got toothache so I need	k. failing the exam.
They always made me	l. to remember new words.

Choose the correct endings

1. Prepositions are usually followed by  a gerund / a full infinitive / a bare infinitive

2. Adjectives are usually followed by  a gerund / a full infinitive / a bare infinitive

3. Modal auxiliary verbs are followed by a gerund / a full infinitive / a bare infinitive

4. When a verb is the subject of a sentence, it is usually a gerund / a full infinitive / a bare infinitive

5. When a verb is used to say why somebody does something, it is usually a gerund / a full infinitive / a bare infinitive

6. When there are two verbs in a sentence, the second one is a gerund / a full infinitive / a bare infinitive / it varies

7. A few verbs such as 'make' and 'let' are followed by a gerund / a full infinitive / a bare infinitive

Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive with a change in meaning:

forget I forgot to meet him.(I didn’t meet him because I forgot to do it.)

I forgot meeting him.(I don’t have the memory of meeting him before.)

go on

He went on to learn English and French.(He ended one period of time before this.)

He went on learning English and French.(He continued learning the languages.)

quit    

She quit to work here.(She quit another job in order to work here.)

She quit working here.(She quit her job here. She doesn’t work here anymore.)

regret

I regret promising to help you.(I’m sorry that I made the promise.)

I regret to tell you that we can't hire you.(I’m telling you now, and I’m sorry.)

remember    

She remembered to visit her grandmother.(She didn’t forget to visit.)

She remembered visiting her grandmother.(She had memories of this time.)

stop   

I stopped to call you.(I interrupted another action in order to call you.)

I stopped calling you.(I stopped this activity. Maybe we had a fight.)

try      

I tried to open the window.(I attempted this action but didn’t succeed.)

I tried opening the window.(This was one option I sampled. Maybe the room was hot.)

1.      I tried __________a ticket, but they had all sold out. ( get)

2.      I tried ____________ to her personally, but I couldn't persuade her.(speak)

3.      Jon, I have some bad news- I regret _____ that your application has been unsuccessful.(say)

4.      She stopped ______ when she got married.(smoke)

5.      I regret ____________ so rude last night.(be)

6.      Remember _____________ her at lunchtime.(call)

7.      I don't remember _________ the cooker off before I left.(turn)

8.      We can't go on ___________ like this- we must find a better way.(work)

Gerund or Infinitive – Fill in the correct form.

1. We encouraged her __________________ (succeed in ) __________________ (become) a top player.
2. It's no good __________________ (force) him to go with us.
3. I promised __________________ (care) for the cat but I'm not much good at __________________ (babysit).
4. The people thanked me for __________________ (offer) __________________ (help) them.
5. I begged her __________________ (not accuse) me of __________________ (ruin) her hairstyle by __________________ (try) __________________ (kiss) her.
6. It is not worth __________________ (help) him __________________ (do) the job.
7. I let him __________________ (choose) between __________________ (fly) and__________________ (take) the train.
8. The film was really worth __________________ (see) so we made Mary __________________ (go) to the movies with us.
9. Her forced us __________________ (accept) his offer by __________________ (raise) it by 5 %.
10. Normally I enjoy __________________ (go) out but today I'd prefer __________________ (stay) indoors.
11. She promised __________________ (not object) to his __________________ (smoke).
12. They continued __________________ (eat) after the interruption.
13. I am not in the habit of __________________ (smoke) in the car.
14. Ann reminded me __________________ (finish) my work on time.
15. He'd better __________________ (get) used to __________________ (work) harder.

16. I am capable of __________________ (stand) on my head and __________________ (play) the saxophone.

16. You'd better __________________ (start) __________________ (dig) the garden.
17. I expected someone __________________ (pick) up these papers.
18. The Romans were quite happy about Hannibal __________________ (not attack) Rome.
19. It was interesting __________________ (watch) our cat __________________ (play).

20 We have taught our children __________________ (wash) their hands before __________________ (eat).

GRAMMAR EXERCISES (ΤΑΞΗ Α’ ΑΡΧΑΡΙΟΙ)

GRAMMAR EXERCISES                                            (ΤΑΞΗ Α’ ΑΡΧΑΡΙΟΙ)

A. Write the personal pronoun he, she, it, we, they

1) Tom - ____________________

2) Mary and I - _______________

3) a book - ___________________

4) Children - _________________

5) Mum - ____________________

7) Liza and Tom _______________

8) France - ___________________

9) Joanna and you - ______________

10) Sally -  ______________

11) my dad - ______________

12) my umbrella  - ______________

B. Fill in the right possessive adjective. (my, your, his, her, its, our, their).

This is __________ (Roy) watch.  This is his watch.

1)    That is ……………….. (Tom and you) blue car.

2)    These are ………………..(Emy and I) dogs.

3)    Today is ……………….(I) birthday.

4)    She is ……………..  (you) best friend.

5)    Mr Taylor is …………….(we) teacher.

6)    What’s ……………….(you) name?

7)    ………….. (I) name is Gina.

8)    This is………………..(the dog) house.

9)    I am ………….. (Mary) sister.

10) She is …………..(Kim and Tom) mother.

C. Βάλε στα κενά is / are .   

1.      There ……………………….. four balls on the floor.

2.      There ……………………….. two ducks in the lake.

3.      There ……………………….. a big tree in the village.

4.      There ………………………. a cow in the garden.

5.      There ……………………….. two pencils in the bag.

    D. Απάντησε στις ερωτήσεις. Χρησιμοποίησε Yes, there is / No, there isn’t

   1. Is there a doll in the bedroom?    Yes, …………………………………………

    2. Is there a toy car in the kitchen? No, …………………………………………

    3. Is there a cowboy on TV?           Yes, ………………………………………..

    4. Is there a cat on the  chair?        No, …………………………………………..

    5. Is there a Kite in the sky?           No, …………………………………………..

E. COMPLETE the verb TO BE

1.      My name’s Marie. I…… from Spain.

2.      You …… from Bulgaria.

3.      This is Pierre. He…… a teacher.

4.      My name’s Louise. I .…. from Scotland.

 I …….sixteen.

5.      This is Natasha. She …... from Russia.

6.      This is Pierre and his son Ron They ….… from Monaco.

7.      My friend ……... ten years old. He …….a student.

8.      Tom and Mark ….…in the park. They ….…friends.

9.      …………..you the new student? Yes, I ………….

10.  Leila and Nancy…………. students. 

11.  My sister and I………. students.

12.  These women ………….beautiful.

13.  Nadia and Leila ……….friends.

14.   ………….. an elephant? No., ………..….a cat.

15.  . ……………Bill.

16.  ‘How ……..…you?’ ‘…..….. fine, thank you.’

17.  Helen ……..a teacher.

18.  The house ………white.

19.   ………..     …….. a boat? No, it isn’t. ………. a van.

F. Fill in HAVE GOT.

1.  I ……………a nice room.

2.  She ……………….a cat.

3.  Jack ………………a pet.

4.  The sisters ………………..good teachers.

5.  He …………….an old bike.

6.  They …………….a goldfish.

7.  Emma ……………….lots of friends.

8.  We ……………..a problem.

9.  Joe and Philip ………………a sister

G. Φτιάξε ερωτήσεις KAI αρνήσεις όπως στο παράδειγμα:

Mike has got a big nose.        ερώτηση:        Has Mike got a big nose?     άρνηση:    Mike hasn’t got a big nose.

1. Mary has got new boots.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..

2. Paul has got big feet.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. Helen has got black hair.

……………………………………………………………………………………….……………………..

4. Tina and Nick have got green eyes.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

5. Tom and Mary have got yellow bags.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………..

H. Plural.

1. one woman          ten …………………                4. one child      twelve ……………………….

2. one fireman          six …………………                5. one man      sixteen ………………………

3. one foot                eight ………………                 6. one tooth     eighteen …………………….

1. one eye    two …………………..             6. one box       sixteen ……………………

2. one woman       six …………………..     7. one chair     nine …………………….

3. one body  eight ………………..               8. one foot       three ……………………

4. one carpet            twelve ………………  9. one child     two …………………….

5. one baby  five …………………               10 one leg       seven …………………..

J.       PLURAL –SINGULAR (ΠΛΗΘΥΝΤΙΚΟΣ-ΕΝΙΚΟΣ)

1. These are beautiful horses. : …………………………………………………………………………………..
2. Are those camels or zebras? : …………………………………………………………………………………
3. These are brown brushes. : ………………………………………………………………………………………
4. They are yellow socks…………………...........................................................................………..………..
5. The children are tall. : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
6. They are big rooms. : …………………………………………………………………………………
7. Those are blue glasses. : ……………………………………………………………………………….

      K. Πες ποιανού είναι τα πράγματα βάζοντας  (‘s)/( s’).

1. This is ………………………………….. (Aladin / magic lamp).
2. Those are the ………………………………….( boys / toys).
3. This is ………………………………………..(Obelix / dog).
4. This is …………………………………………(Asterix / village).
5. These are ………………………………………(Bell / boots).
6. This is ………………………………….. (Ann / car).
7. Those are the ………………………………….( girls/ books)
8. This is ………………………………………..(Bob / friend).
9. These are ………………………………………(Tina / toy).

      11. Your ……………………………………………………………..(brothers) bags are in the living room.

12. Your ……………………………………………………………… (friends) mothers are in the kitchen.

13. Those are the ……………………………………………..(girls) dolls.

L. Choose the correct alternative.

1.      This is ……………………………………… dog.

a. Tom                   b. Tom’s                      c. Toms

2.      This is ……………………………………….. bedroom.

a. Maria and Ann’s            b. Maria’s and Ann’s   c. Maria and Ann

3.      These are ……………………………… friends.

a. Helen                 b. Helens                     c. Helen’s

4.      This is …………………………………………………….. village.

a. Asterix and Obelix’s      b. Asterix and Obelix  c. Asterix’s and Obelix’s