past continoous

Summary and Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet 5

Summary and Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet 5 

Those hours, that with gentle work did frame
The lovely gaze where every eye doth dwell,                 (Time passed slowly while you were young and everyone loved to look at you)
Will play the tyrants to the very same
And that unfair which fairly doth excel;                                            ( But it will overtake you)

For never-resting time leads summer on                                          ( As summer must give way to winter)
To hideous winter, and confounds him there;                               
Sap checked with frost, and lusty leaves quite gone,                        (And will become transformed with age)
Beauty o'er-snowed and bareness every where:

Then were not summer's distillation left,             (Then, if there weren't a bit of youth left hidden behind the appearance of old age)
A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,
Beauty's effect with beauty were bereft,          ( The effect your beauty once had would be completely forgotten)
Nor it, nor no remembrance what it was:

 But flowers distill'd, though they with winter meet,                    

 Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet. 

(But though your outward appearance changes, the essence of what you are remains beautiful.)

Sonnet 5 Analysis

The first quatrain explains the results of passing of time.  The lyrical voice explains how time, even though it made the young man beautiful in his early age, will eventually make him older and take away his beauty. Beauty is associated with youth (“Those hour that with gentle work did frame/ The lovely gaze where every eye doth well”) and aging, on the other hand, destroys this good looks (“Will play the tyrants to the very same/and that unfair which fairly doth excel”).

The second quatrain furthers the negative consequences of aging. Youth is linked to summertime, whereas old age relates to winter.  The process of aging destroys beauty (“Beauty o’er-snowed and bareness everywhere”), and takes the summer out of life by turning it into winter (“For never-resting time leads summer on/To hideous winter and confound him there”). Again, there is a personification of time, as it accentuates the effects that time will have on the young man’s life and the force it possesses because of its constant enforcement (“For never-resting time”, “To hideous winter”). There is alliteration on the third line (“Sap checked with frost and lusty leaves quite gone”). The tone of the poem gets more dramatic as the lyrical voice describes in more detail the consequences of the passing of time. Furthermore, there is a pessimist tone, as the lyrical voice concludes the quatrain by saying that beauty will eventually disappear (“Beauty over-snowed and bareness everywhere”).

The third quatrain depicts the necessity of preserving beauty. Both summer and beauty, associated with youth, are ephemeral. The lyrical voice expresses that there is a possibility of forgetting about beauty if it is carried away by the force of aging. There is a repetition on the third line, accentuating the importance of beauty (“Beauty’s effects with beauty were bereft”) and there is alliteration in the last line (“Nor it nor no remembrance what it was”). The tone of the poem continues to be dramatic and pessimist, as the lyrical voice describes the possibility of beauty disappearing with old age.

The final couplet explains how beauty can be protected. “flowers distilled” refer to the extraction of perfume, where the visible and the physical are extracted and the essence of the flower remains. This is an extended metaphor to continue talking about preserving beauty. For the lyrical voice, the only way to conserve beauty is to prolong its essence by having children. And, despite of aging, the lyrical voice could keep his beauty if he decides to procreate.

Glossary

distill(ed) reduced to the essence.

gaze : object gazed at.

unfair : deprive of beauty (the only place it is used by Shakespeare).

fairly : beautifully and legitimately.

confounds : destroys.

checked : halted.

distillation : perfume distilled from flowers. 

bereft (11): lost.

Leese (14): lose

About William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare, also known as Bard of Avon or Swan of Avon, was baptized in 1564 and died in 1616. Although his date of birth is not certain, he was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. William Shakespeare was an English poet, playwright and actor and it is considered by many as one of the greatest dramatists of all times. He was often referred as the English National Poet. William Shakespeare was married to Anne Hathaway and they had three children (Susanna Hall, Hamnet Shakespeare and Judith Quiney). Over the years, his plays have been staged all over the world and translated into every major language. Up to this day, Shakespeare’s works are still incredibly popular and are constantly studied, read, and interpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts.

Think Teen 1 (αρχάριοι) Vocabulary unit 6

Think Teen 1 (αρχάριοι)

Vocabulary unit 6

INTRODUCTION + LESSON 1

Stuff= πράγματα

Bit= κομματάκι

habit =something that you often do, almost without thinking about it, συνήθεια

uniform = στολή

survey= έρευνα

comment= σχόλιο

accessory = αξεσουάρ

burger =μπιφτέκι

snack = κολατσιό, δεκατιανό

break = διάλλειμα

discover =to find out, ανακαλύπτω -> discovery = ανακάλυψη

healthy =not sick, υγιής,fit, well  ≠ unhealthy, ill, sick

pie = πίτα

once =only one time, μια φορά

twice = two times, δύο φορές

fizzy drink = αεριούχο ποτό

diet = δίαιτα

fat =λίπος -> fatty = λιπαρός,παχυντικός

heart = καρδιά

explore = εξερευνώ  -> explorer, exploration = εξερευνητής,εξερεύνηση

chip = τηγανητή πατάτα= french fries

ideal =perfect, the best possible, ιδανικός

leaflet = φυλλάδιο

poll = δημοσκόπηση, έρευνα

add = to put something together with something else, making the whole thing bigger,προσθέτω

≠remove, subtract -> addition=προσθεση

advice =  συμβουλή/ες * a piece of advice = μια συμβουλή

can=  κονσέρβα

carton (of) =  χαρτόκουτο, κουτί.

tin (of) = κονσέρβα

cereal = δημητριακό

collocation = σύμφραση

countable =  μετρήσιμο ουσιαστικό  ≠ uncountable =

 μη μετρήσιμο ουσιαστικό

crisp = πατατάκι

diary = ημερολόγιο

display = έκθεση= exhibition

item = αντικείμενο

prefer προτιμώ  -> preference= προτίμηση

questionnaire = ερωτηματολόγιο

slice =  φέτα, κομμάτι

total = the whole amount, σύνολο

vegetable = λαχανικό

weight = βάρος ->to weigh = ζυγίζω

           

LESSON 2

entry = καταχώριση, συμμετοχή

vote = ψηφίζω ->  Voter= ψηφοφόρος

 uniform = ποδιά, στολή

awful = very bad; terrible;  απαίσιος

comfortable = άνετος  ≠ uncomfortable

costume =φορεσιά, ενδυμασία, αμφίεση

flashy = φανταχτερός

fleece = ζακέτα

hair band = κορδέλα για τα μαλλιά

high heels (plural noun)=  ψηλοτάκουνα παπούτσια.  ≠ flat shoes

leggings = κολάν

look up = ψάχνω, ανατρέχω σε πηγές

opinion =what you think about something or somebody, γνώμη  = view

pick on = πειράζω, παρενοχλώ = annoy

scarf = φουλάρι

strap =  λουρί

suit = κοστούμι

sweater = πουλόβερ

tight = fitting the body very closely, σφιχτός. ≠ loose = χαλαρός  -> tightly

tracksuit = αθλητική φόρμα

trendy =  fashionable at the moment, μοντέρνος, μοδάτος  ≠ old-fashioned= παλιομοδίτικος

LESSON 3

           

border = the line that separates two countries, σύνορο

continent =ήπειρος

cover =  καλύπτω

deep =  βαθύς  ≠ shallow  -> deeply (adv.)

desert = έρημος

fact =something said or known to be true, γεγονός

feature  =  χαρακτηριστικό

flow = ρέω, κυλώ

height =  ύψος -> high = ψηλό

link  = σύνδεσμος

ocean = ωκεανός

prize = έπαθλο, βραβείο.

rainforest = τροπικό δάσος.

range = a line of hills or mountains, οροσειρά

salty =having a lot of salt, αλμυρός

spot = a place, σημείο =location, space

waterfall = καταρράκτης

THINK TEEN 1, (advanced) VOCABULARY, UNIT 4

THINK TEEN 1, (advanced)

VOCABULARY, UNIT 4

Page 43

to survive = to continue to live after something very dangerous has happened, επιβιώνω   -> survival ,survivor, survivable, survivability

horrible = nasty,terrible,awful, τρομερός

To invent = to think of and make something that has never been made before by anyone, εφευρίσκω

To create = to bring into being, δημιουργώ -> creation, creative, creator

competition =the process or act of trying to win, διαγωνισμός-> to compete, competitor, competitive

• to enter a competition = to take part in it

 Page 44-48

webpage = a document belonging to a website on the World Wide Web, ιστοσελίδα

to compose = to write a new piece of music, συνθέτω -> composer,composition

to explode = εκρήγνυμαι,σκάω, blow up -> exploder ,explosive

play = a story written to be acted on a stage, drama, θεατρικό έργο -> playwright= one who writes plays, θεατρικός συγγραφέας  Example: Evgenios Trivizas is a Greek playwright

award=a prize given for a special achievement, βραβείο

puppet =a doll that looks like a person or an animal, μαριονέτα ->puppeteer

specific = certain and exact, συγκεκριμένος,certain, definite, exact, precise  ->specifically

annual = happening once every year, yearly, ετήσιοςàannually (adv.)

chance = opportunity, possibility, ευκαιρία

chemist = one who is active or expert in the field of chemistry, χημικός/φαρμακοποιός

clue =  something that helps to solve a problem or mystery, στοιχείο

disaster =  a sudden event that causes a lot of damage, καταστροφή  -> disastrous

to exchange =  to give something to someone and receive something similar from them, ανταλλάσω

experience =something that a person has done or lived through, εμπειρία

fairy = νεράιδα (fairy tale: παραμύθι)

railway =  a railroad

poet = writer of poetry, ποιητής -> poetry, poem = ποίημα

tunnel =  underground passage, σήραγγα

canal =  waterway, διώρυγα

pages 49- 53

to accompany= to go with, συνοδεύω= attend, escort,

walk -> accompanied

burglar = a person who enters a building without permission in order to steal something, διαρρήκτης -> burglary, to burgle

colleague =a person who has the same job or employer as another, συνάδελφοςassociate, co-worker

comic strip =a series of cartoons in a newspaper that tells a funny story, κόμικ.

event = δραστηριότητα, εκδήλωση.

To fit =to be the right shape and size for someone or something, ταιριάζω

grounded =a type of punishment, τιμωρία

to guess = μαντεύω

guilty =responsible for breaking a law or doing something wrong, ένοχος.innocent ->guiltily (adv.), guilt(n.)

jewellery= things made of special stones and metal worn on the body for decoration, κοσμήματα

Lie-lied-lied= to tell lies ψεύδομαι: she lies about her age  =λέει ψέματα για την ηλικία της, the mirror cannot lie

lie  /laɪ/ v (lying, lay, lain )= ξαπλώνω,κείτομαι, to be in or move into a horizontal position on a surface,

to lie in bed ,to lie on a beach, to lie on your side ,

A cat lay in front of the fire. He lies awake at night, worrying. A pen lay on the desk. There's an old pair of shoes of yours lying at/in the bottom of the wardrobe, The river lies 30km to the south. Βρίσκεται=Cambridge United are lying third in the league. Here lies the body of Mary Taylor (= This is where Mary Taylor is buried). There are several houses lying empty in the town. The town lay in ruins=κείτομαι σε ερείπια,The ship lies off (= is positioned near) the coast of Spain ,lie in state (για σορό:) εκτίθεμαι σε λαϊκό προσκύνημα

lay = PUT DOWN  leɪ/ v (laid, laid) to put something in especially a flat or horizontal position, usually carefully or for a particular purpose βάζω, (παρα) θέτω, αραδιάζω: lay one's cards on the table βάζω τα χαρτιά μου στο τραπέζι , καταθέτω: lay a bet καταθέτω στοίχημα , ακουμπώ: he laid his hand on my shoulder ακούμπησε το χέρι του στον ώμο μου σωριάζω ή ρίχνω κάτω: the storm laid the crops flat = η καταιγίδα έριξε τις καλλιέργειες στο χώμα ,  στήνω, διατάσσω: lay a scene= στήνω το σκηνικό  διευθετώ, στρώνω: lay the table στρώνω το τραπέζι , lay the paint evenly =απλώνω τη μπογιά στρωτά , προετοιμάζω: lay a fire =bετοιμάζω φωτιά κτλ. (για πουλιά:) γεννώ αβγά: the cuckoo lays its eggs in other birds' nests =ο κούκκος γεννά τα αβγά του σε ξένες φωλιές ,καταστρώνω: lay a plan καταστρώνω σχέδιο , προσδίδω: lay emphasis on.. προσδίδω έμφαση σε.. , αποδίδω, επιρρίπτω: they laid the blame on me = απέδωσαν το φταίξιμο σ' εμένα,   lay sb. to rest= αποθέτω κάποιον στην τελευταία του κατοικία ,to  have nowhere to lay one's head= δεν έχω που την κεφαλήν κλίναι    ->  LAYER =στρώση,επίπεδο

lock = κλειδαριά/λουκέτο  -> to lock = fasten  ≠ unlock

main = most important, κύριος, first, key, primary ≠ minor -> mainly (adv.)

pavement = πεζοδρόμιο

plot = πλοκή, storyline

progress = πρόοδος- to make 

THE TSUNAMI IN INDONESIA 2004

THINK TEEN 1, UNIT 3 (προχωρημένοι),VOCABULARY LESSONS 1&2,GRAMMAR POINTS

THINK TEEN 1, UNIT 3 (προχωρημένοι)

LESSON 1

matter =  ζήτημα,θέμα,issue -> to matter = έχει σημασία,νοιάζει -> what’s the matter?/ it doesn’t matter.

spree =  γλέντι,ξεφάντωμα

to have a spree/ to go out on a spree= το ρίχνω έξω / to be on a spree

 sorted =  organized, arranged, or dealt with satisfactorily,resolved = που εχει λυθεί,ταχτοποιηθεί

help out = give assistance, βοηθώ

stuff = personal things, or any other type of materials or objects, πράγμα

cool=  great, especially in a way that is new, exciting, or clever, τέλειος, μοδάτος

junk = things that have little worth, σκουπίδι (κακής ποιότητας) -> junk food = ανθυγιεινό φαγητό

worried = Feeling fear or anxiety, ανήσυχο =  anxious,  concerned   ≠ calm, reassured

habit = συνήθεια  -> habitual (adj.)

attention= προσοχή -> to pay attention = δίνω προσοχή

fizz = Ο ήχος που κάνει το ανθρακούχο ποτό ->fizzy drink= ανθρακούχο ποτό

to skip =  to miss or leave out, παραλείπω

article = a piece of writing in a newspaper, magazine, or book, άρθρο

huge = very large in size or amount, τεράστιος  = enormous  ≠ tiny

amount =  ποσότητα = portion, quantity

fat = λίπος -> fattening food = παχυντικό φαγητό

additive = a substance added to another substance in small amounts to change or improve it, πρόσθετα

salt =  αλάτι ->  salty =  αλμυρός

damage = harm , ζημιά

alternative = choice εναλλακτική

carbonated water = water that contains a lot of bubbles,

fizzy water, ανθρακούχο νερό

plain = without decoration or anything added; Simple, σκέτος

to breathe /briːð/ = ανασαίνω -> breath /brɛθ/ =ανάσα

celebration = εορτή= ceremony, holiday, occasion -> to celebrate

cereal = δημητριακά

choice = επιλογή -> το make a choice.

climate =  κλίμα -> climatic (adj.)

complete =having all of the parts that are necessary;  πλήρες= entire -> completely (adv.), completeness (n.)

cook (noun)= a person who cooks, μάγειρας ->  to cook = μαγειρεύω

to count = μετρώ -> countable (adjective) = Anything that can be counted, μετρήσιμο ≠ uncountable

to cut down on = reduce, μειώνω  ≠ increase

weight = how heavy something is, βάρος

-> to weigh = ζυγίζω

dairy = made from milk or having to do with milk products, γαλακτοκομικά

emphasize =  stress, δίνω έμφαση

grain =  σπόρος/κόκκος

to grill = to cook on a grill,ψήνω στη σχάρα

guide = οδηγός, ξεναγός

to hate = despise, detest, loathe, μισώ   ≠ like, love -> hatred = μίσος

label = ταμπέλα

lettuce =  μαρούλι

to log on to =  συνδέομαι (στο ίντερνετ)

to make sure =  σιγουρεύομαι

pasta = ζυμαρικά

pea =  αρακάς, μπιζέλι

peach =  ροδάκινο

poultry = πουλερικά

religion = θρησκεία -> religious

review = κριτική

to roast = to cook or bake in an oven, ψήνω

saying =  παροιμία = expression, proverb

to spill =  χύνω ( spilt-spilt)

steak = μπριζόλα

sugary =  γλυκός

tofu = a food made from soybean milk. Tofu looks and feels like soft cheese, τόφου

LESSON  2

at least = τουλάχιστον

to bore = tire ,  κάνω κάποιον να βαριέται ≠ entertain, excite, thrill  -> boring , bored =  βαριεστημένος

to chat =  συζητώ

to come up with = to think of a plan, an idea, or a solution to a problem, σκέφτομαι λύση για ένα πρόβλημα

dead tired =  extremely tired, exhausted, κατάκοπος

to do my best (expression)= to make the greatest effort possible, βάζω τα δυνατά μου

draft = πρόχειρο

to excite =  to increase the feelings of; to increase energy, συναρπάζω =  provoke, thrill  ≠ bore

glad = happy about something, χαρούμενος

mark =  βαθμός

mate = σύντροφος, partner, spouse ,friend-> to mate = ζευγαρώνω ->classmate, schoolmate, roommate

nervous =feeling worry or fear about a particular thing or things, νευρικός/ανήσυχος -> nervously (adj.), nervousness

occasion =  an event or the time at which it happens, συμβάν, περιστατικό = affair, happening -> occasional

similar = being almost the same as something else, alike=  παρόμοιος    ≠  different

variety = a number of different things in a group or class, ποικιλία = assortment, diversity,selection

è    to vary ,various= ποικίλος, διαφόρων ειδών, varied =διάφορος, αλλαγμένος

GRAMMAR POINTS

A lot of / many / much

1. a lot of, lots of = πολύ, πολλοί, –ές, –ά (Επίσης: plenty of)

Χρησιμοποιείται στην κατάφαση για αριθμήσιμα και μη αριθμήσιμα ουσιαστικά.

He has got a lot of / lots of books.                There’s a lot of / lots of water in the jug.

Η λέξη of παραλείπεται όταν δεν ακολουθεί ουσιαστικό.          -How many pages have you read? -A lot / Lots.

2. many = πολλοί, –ές, –ά

Χρησιμοποιείται στην ερώτηση και την άρνηση με αριθμήσιμα ουσιαστικά.

Have you seen many films?           That footballer hasn’t scored many goals this season.

3. much = πολύ

Χρησιμοποιείται στην ερώτηση και την άρνηση με μη αριθμήσιμα ουσιαστικά.

Have you got much rice on your plate?          There isn’t much cake in the tin.

4. How many? = Πόσοι -ες -α; How many children are there at the playground?

How much? = Πόσος -η -ο; How much milk do they drink?

How much? = Πόσο κάνει / κάνουν; How much is the orange juice? How much are the apples?

(a) few / (a) little

A few/a little  = not many/much but enough               vs.          few/little = not many/much  and not enough

1. a few = λίγοι –ες –α (το αντίθετο του many)

Χρησιμοποιείται με αριθμήσιμα ουσιαστικά και δείχνει μικρό αλλά ικανοποιητικό αριθμό.

He has got a few good friends, so he’s rarely bored. (λίγους αλλά αρκετούς)

2. few = πολύ λίγοι –ες –α (δείχνει μη ικανοποιητικό αριθμό)

She has few friends, so she feels lonely. (λίγους, όχι αρκετούς)

3. a little = λίγος –η –ο (το αντίθετο του much)

Χρησιμοποιείται με μη αριθμήσιμα ουσιαστικά και δείχνει μικρή αλλά ικανοποιητική ποσότητα.

There is a little milk in the fridge, so don’t buy any.

4. little = πολύ λίγο (δείχνει μη ικανοποιητική ποσότητα)

There’s little milk in the fridge, so you’ll have to buy some.

Χρησιμοποιούμε τις λέξεις few και little συνήθως σε συνδυασμό με την λέξη very.

Very few children passed the exam. Very little rain falls here.

Επίσης: only a few, only a little (δείχνουν μη ικανοποιητικό αριθμό ή ποσότητα)

A.  Write: few or little.

1 ................... children  4 ................... water  7 ................... euros   10 ................... food

2 ................... time          5 ................... snow  8 ................... wine   11 ................. oxygen

3 ................... bags        6 ................... money 9 ................... tests    12 ................... boxes

B. Write: a lot (of), much, many.

1 They’ve got ............................ relatives in Athens.

2 How ............................ soup do you want, Alice?

3 Gary doesn’t go to ............................ parties.

4 We haven’t got ............................ money but the Browns have got ............................

5 How ............................ times have you won the tennis cup?

6 Is there ............................ rain in Spain?

C. Write: few / a few.

1 Colin has very ................... CDs for the party.

2 We’ve got ................... clean glasses in the cupboard, so bring me four, please.

3 There are ................... shops in the village so we’ll have to do our shopping in Athens.

4 I’ve got ................... cans of coke so don’t buy any.

5 There are ................... good programmes on TV tonight so let’s go out to the cinema.

6 Sam has ................... trees in his garden. He’ll have to plant some.

D. Write: little / a little.

1 There’s very ....................... wine in the bottle. Go and buy some.

2 -Can you lend me 20 euros?

-Yes. I’ve got ....................... money in my wallet.

3 There is ....................... snow on the mountain so we can’t go skiing.

4 He eats very ....................... meat but he eats a lot of fish.

5 They have ....................... time so they can help us.6 She’s always tired in the evenings so she does ....................... work then.