THINK TEEN 3, UNIT 4

GRAMMAR NOTES

                           PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE  vs. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS

Simple  Present Perfect

 Affirmative: I have written / She has played

 Interrogative: Have I written?/  Has she played?

 Negative: I haven’t written / She hasn’t played

Χρησιμοποιούμε  Simple Present Perfect:    

           

1.  Για μια πράξη που έχει γίνει, αλλά δεν αναφέρεται πότε έγινε. I’ve seen that film.

2.  Με λέξεις όπως : just (=μόλις), already (=ήδη), ever (=ποτέ – στην ερώτηση και άρνηση), never (=ποτέ – στην κατάφαση), yet (=ακόμη), so far (=μέχρι τώρα), for (= για + χρονικό διάστημα), since (=από + μια χρονική στιγμή-χρονική αφετηρία )

3.  ‘Οταν αναφερόμαστε σε: πόσο (how much), πόσους -ες -α (how many), πόσες φορές (how many times)

 How much coke has Sandra drunk? (πόσο) Ann has read ten books. (πόσα) I’ve visited London three times. (πόσες φορές)

4.  Mετά από ένα επίθετο στον Υπερθετικό βαθμό. That’s the best meal I’ve eaten.  She’s the most beautiful girl he’s ever seen.

5.   Eάν θέλουμε να πούμε ‘έχω να...εδώ και...’ χρησιμοποιούμε Simple Present Perfect στην άρνηση. Έχω να πάω σινεμά εδώ και ένα μήνα. I haven’t been to the cinema for a month.  Έχει να φάει κρέας από τον Δεκέμβριο.  He hasn’t eaten meat since December.

6.   been (to/ in )/ gone (to)

She’s been to Paris. (έχει πάει και έχει γυρίσει) She’s gone to Paris. (έχει πάει – είναι εκεί τώρα) She’s been in Paris for one year. (μένει στο Παρίσι εδώ και ένα χρόνο)

Present  Perfect Progressive

Affirmative: I have been writing /He has been playing

Interrogative: Have I been writing?/ Has he been playing?

 Negative: I haven’t been writing / He hasn’t been playing

Χρησιμοποιούμε  Present Perfect Progressive:

1.  Για μια πράξη που άρχισε στο παρελθόν και συνεχίζεται ακόμη. He’s been listening to music for one hour. (Αυτός ακούει μουσική εδώ και μια ώρα) They’ve been waiting for the bus since 4.00. (Περιμένουν το λεωφορείο από τις 4 η ώρα)

2.   Για μια πράξη που μόλις τελείωσε και δείχνει κάποιο αποτέλεσμα στο παρόν. You look hot. (αποτέλεσμα) Have you been running? (Έτρεχες;) Mum’s tired. (αποτέλεσμα) She’s been working all day. (Δούλευε)

3.  Όταν αναφέρουμε πόση ώρα ή πόσο καιρό διαρκεί η πράξη. How long has Jean been studying? (πόση ώρα;) We’ve been watching the match for 20 minutes. (πόση ώρα;) I’ve been learning Spanish since last year. (πόσο καιρό;)

A.      Write: been / gone

1 Dad’s out. He’s .................. to work.

 2 You’re late! Where have you ..................?

3 I’m sorry. You can’t speak to Mr. Jones. He’s .................. away for a week.

 4 Have you ever .................. to Spain?

 5 Mum’s .................. to the supermarket but she’ll be back soon.

 6 Mark has .................. in Patra since last year.

B.      Underline the correct answer.

 1 Susan has driven / has been driving for three hours.

 2 Have you done / Have you been doing all your revision yet?

3 We have waited / have been waiting for the bus since 2 o’clock.

4 Bill has been finishing / has finished the composition and now he is putting it into his schoolbag.

5 I have already booked / have already been booking the plane tickets.

6 Jane has trained / has been training for the Olympic Games for three years

C. Write the verbs in the correct tense: the Simple Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Progressive.

 1 This is the second time he .................................................... Paris. (visit)

2 We’re exhausted. We .................................................... all night. (travel)

 3 Roger .................................................... his chemistry homework yet. (not finish)

4 I .................................................... five letters so far. (write)

5 How long .................................................... Deborah? (you / know)

6 The committee members are exhausted. They .................................................... the new measures for five hours. (discuss)

7 How much water .................................................... today? (you / drink)

8 She .................................................... her essay since this morning and expects to finish it in about an hour. (type up)

9 The police .................................................... the people responsible for the burglary. (already / catch)

10 I .................................................... (wait) for you for almost an hour. Where ............................. .......................? (you / be)

11 He .................................................... his car for long. (not have)

12 Our cousins .................................................... at Kingston University for two years now. (study)

C.      Choose the correct answer and write it on the line

 1 My friend .......................................... for the match for two weeks.     a has trained      b has been training

2 I .......................................... many books this year, only three.           a haven’t read        b haven’t been reading

3 How many kilometers .......................................... today?                a have you been running          b have you run

4 That’s the best meal we ..........................................                a have been eating               b have eaten

5 She’s bored. She .......................................... for him since 4 o’clock.          a has waited             b has been waiting

6 They .......................................... their cousins for six months.         a haven’t contacted          b have to contact

E. Write the verbs in the Simple Present Perfect or the Present Perfect Progressive.

1. David .......................................................... (just / take) his driving test.

 2. How long .............. Morgan ................................. (learn) Italian?

 3. We’re tired. We .......................................................... (study) all evening.

4. The children .......................................................... (not find) their books yet.

5. Mr. Brown .......................................................... (save) up for a new car since 2009.

6. Demi .......................................................... (visit) the Tower of London twice.

7. That’s the most frightening film I .......................................................... (see).

8. ............ Eddie ................................. (ride) his bike for long?

9. We .......................................................... (not travel) abroad for three years.

10. She’s bored. She .......................................................... (wait) for the lesson to finish since half past eight. ..........