GRAMMAR FOR LEVEL A(B2),Γ΄ΤΑΞΗ-INVERSION

Inversion for emphasis

 Ιnversion of the subject and verb like that found in questions  also occurs when a sentence begins with certain  introductory words and phrases:

 never/ hardly ever/ rarely/ seldom/barely/not even once /only then

 + auxiliary /modal Verb + subject + main verb

  Rarely have I been so excited!

 Seldom does Sam travel by air.

 Never had he had such a terrifying experience.

 Not only…., but also 

 Not only  does she play the piano, but she also paints beautifully.

 Not only does he speak German, but he also speaks Italian.

Alert! Not only Paul works out every day, but also his sister Jenny.

 little, neither, never again, never before ,nowhere, so

 Little did I know that the person I shouted at was my son's teacher.

 Never again will we book a holiday through that travel agency.

 So exhausted was the athlete that he fell asleep during the press conference.

 Not for one moment, on no account, under no circumstances/in no way/on no occasion

 Not for one moment did I doubt your dedication.

Under no circumstances must you speak to your classmates during the exam.

 Hardly/ scarcely(ever)... when

 No sooner... than

 Hardly had I reached work when the earthquake struck.

 No sooner  had we taken off than the pilot said we had to return to the airport.

 Not until / not since

Only after/ by/ if / when                 ] ---------àinversion in the main clause

 Not until  she arrived in Tokyo did she realise she had left the computer at home.

 Only if you cancel at least 1 month before your arrival date will you receive a refund.

 Neither/ nor - So

 The girls didn't do well in the exams and nor did the boys.

‘I'm not a member of this group.’ ‘Neither/ nor am I.’

 I am a French teacher and so is Tom.

‘Our ferry departs at 6.’  ‘Oh, so does ours.’

EXERCISE

1.                  He wouldn’t do it in any way. (no)

        .............................................................................................................do it.

2.                  He will not work overtime under any circumstances.(no)

         ...............................................................................................................overtime.

3.                  I’ll never mention anything of mine again(again)

      Never.................................................................................................. anything of mine.

4.                  The moment we landed I felt much better.(sooner)

            No....................................................................................................... I felt much better.

5.                  As soon as Ted walked in, he introduced himself to us.  (had)

      Scarcely .........................................................................................he introduced himself to us.

6.                  I will not tolerate prejudice in this company, whatever the reason.(account)

      On...........................................................................................  prejudice in this company.

7.                  She had barely finished cleaning the house when the guests arrived.(barely)

       ........................................................................................................when the guests arrived.

8.                  This is the largest crowd of people I have ever seen.( never)

       Never................................................................................................................ so many people.

9.                  He went home only after all the bars had closed.(did)

     Only........................................................................................................................home.

10.             They couldn’t find a  better price for a used car anywhere.(nowhere)

         ....................................................................................................................for a used car.

11. They only realised he had been ill when he died.(only)

       ................................................................................................................he had been ill.

12. My client hasn’t on any occasion stated that he opened the safe that night.((on)

     .......................................................................................................he opened the safe that night.

13.He managed to get his attention only by shouting and waving his arms in the air.(by)

.............................................................................................................................to get his attention.

14. I won’t go to the cinema with you unless you pay.(if)

  .........................................................................................................to the cinema with you.

15. She didn’t resign from her job until she found a better one.(not)

.....................................................................................................................from her job.

16.They hardly ever stay up past midnight.(ever)

........................................................................................................................after midnight.

17. He is not only rich but he is also highly educated.(but)

Not  ........................................................................................................highly educated.